Mutotas successor, mwenemutapa matope, extended this new kingdom into an empire which contained most of. Mutotas successor, mwenemutapa matope, extended this new kingdom into an empire which contained most of the lands between tavara and the indian ocean. Mwene mutapa had a strong control over gold production. Monomotapa was a shona kingdom which stretched between the zambezi and limpopo rivers of southern africa in the modern states of zimbabwe and mozambique. Mwene we mutapa or more commonly and modern munhumutapa. Using the jesuits in the mutapa empire of zimbabwe academic. Facts are sorted by community importance and you can build your personalized lexicon. The rise of militaristic and ambitious leaders such as mutota. Their domain was often called the empire of the mwene matapa, or simply matapa or mutapa, and is associated with the. When great zimbabwe began its economic and military decline in the late 1400s, some of the citys elites migrated 200 miles north to the zambezi river and established the shortlived shona state of monomotapa mutapa. Mutapa history was dominated by portuguese attempts to interfere with court politics, civil wars, conquests and trade. The kingdom of mutapa sometimes referred to as the mutapa empire shona. The kingdom of mutapa is sometimes, despite the lack of evidence of an administrative apparatus, flatteringly described as the mutapa empire. Matapa encompassed the territory between the zambezi and limpopo rivers, in what is now zimbabwe and mozambique, from the 14th to the 17th century.
Mwene matapa historical dynastic title, southern africa. Monomotapa was a shona kingdom which stretched from the zambezi through the limpopo rivers to the indian ocean in southern africa, in what are the modern states of zimbabwe, south africa, lesotho, swaziland, mozambique and parts of namibia and. Nov 2008 the rise and ultimate expansion of the mutapa state owed in part to the decline of great zimbabwe. Mwene mutapa, like kongo, had trouble coping under these conditions. The kingdom would, however, nominally control territory south of the zambezi river bend in what is todays northern zimbabwe and a small slice of southern zambia.
Their domain was often called the empire of the mwene matapa, or simply matapa or mutapa, and is associated with the historical site known as zimbabwe. Dynasties of the mutaparozwi complex cambridge core. Trading gold with the portuguese helped them become a great and plentiful kingdom. Alpers skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. You can publish your book online for free in a few minutes. Most historians agree that the mutapa state was an offshoot of the great zimbabwe state. The mutapa palace were taken over by the rozvi whose changamire king extended his control over the mining areas. Mwene matapa historical dynastic title, southern africa britannica. The empire flourished due to agriculture and trade. Apr 24, 20 the kingdom of mutapa is similar to that of the great zimbabwe. Media in category kingdom of mutapa the following 2 files are in this category, out of 2 total.
The empire declines the decline of the mutapa occured around the year 1629. The the mutapa empire was controlled on three distinctmeaning of the name mutapa is \the conquered lands\. The state emerged around 1500 under nyatsimba mutota, the first mwene king who gained control of the surrounding gold producing region and much of the zambezi river. The mutapa empire information sheet essay free essays and. After mutotas death, civil war among the mwenes broke out over a fight for the crown. The mutapa empire mwene mutapa or in portuguese, monomotapa, also known as great zimbabwe, was a mediaeval kingdom 1250 to 1629 which was. The early political history of the kingdom of mwene mutapa 8501589. Power struggle among the mbire led to the fall of the mutapa state and the establishment of the rozwi empire in the southwest of modern zimbabwe. Spoken tradition explains that the origins of the mutapa empire had officially developed in the beginning of the 15th century, when warrior prince, nyatsimba mutota sent to find new sources of salt in the north.
Their domain was often called the empire of the mwene matapa, or simply. Mwene mutapa did not engage in longdistance ocean trade. They traded items like gold, mined iron, salt, copper and tin, soapstone a soft rock, and ivory. In the kingdom of mutapa they made a living through their economy. The land is continually marked with these magnificent structures today. The mutapa state was located on the northern part of modern day zimbabwe. Social, economic and political organization of african. Mwene mutapa state monomotapa, munhumutapa, mutapa for short. The mutapas control in these far away lands was probably peripheral and not regular. In as far as religion is an important component of ideology, this suggestion is plausible. The rozvi empire did not however succeed in controlling an area as vast as the mutapa had done. Kingdom of mutapa great discoveries in archaeology. The kingdom of mutapa sometimes referred to as the mutapa empire, mwenemutapa, shona. They used gold as a trading item for luxuries like ceramics and.
How did the mutapa empire begin according to oral traditon. The empire was divided into provinces namely guruhaswa, mbire, utere, banua, and manyika each headed by a lesser chief. The mutapa state essay 8261 words free essay examples and. Portuguese strategy to influence events in the empire of munhumutapa by s. The empire was comprised of a karanga majority speaking population. Munhumutapa mupunzagutu mutapa empire mutota muzungu mwene mutapa nebedza negomo. At long last, professor alois mlambo has, for the first time, produced a crisp singlevolume book that documents the countrys rich historical experience, covering the entire precolonial, colonial and postcolonial continuum. According to oral traditions, nyatsimba mutota migrated from. Mutapa empire kingdom of mutapa empire was a medieval kingdom which stretched between the zambezi and limpopo rivers of southern africa in the modern states of zimbabwe and mozambique. The rulers in mutapa would also tax people and then forced the people who they conquered in citystates to mine gold for them. Trade the mutapa empire traded in copper, ivory, salt, gold, silver, silk and ceramics. Matapa also spelled mutapa, a southern african empire ruled by a line of kings known as the mwene matapa. Matopes title, mwene mutapa, means the lord of the plundered lands, conquerer, or master pillager.
The kingdom of mutapa was able to rely on trading posts to help their economy and ruled with a type of feudal system. The kingdom of mutapa sometimes referred to as the mutapa empire, mwenemutapa was a. Mwenemutapa has a few different translations on of them being lord of the plundered lands, and another being prince of the conquered land both meaning ruler of land. The mutapa empire was bordered by the zambesi and limpopo rivers.
The kingdom of mutapa, sometimes referred to as the mutapa empire shona. The origin and rise of the mutapa state free zimsec. Abraham, the early political history of the kingdom of mwene mutapa. Mutapas government the portuguese people who arrived in the east african coast in the 1500s thought mwenemutapa was a title of respect for the ruler. The civil war caused so much damage to the mutapan society it dissolved.
The empire was ruled at capital, provincial, and village levels. Ravager of the landsalso spelled mwene mutapa or monomotapa, title borne by a line of kings ruling a southeast african territory between the zambezi and limpopo rivers, in what is now zimbabwe and mozambique, from the 14th to the 17th century. Great zimbabwe is the name given to the remains of stone, sometimes referred to as the great zimbabwe ruins, of an ancient southern african city, located in presentday zimbabwe which was once the centre of a vast empire known as the empire of great zimbabwe also called monomotapa, mwene mutapa empire or the munhumutapa empire. The decline of great zimbabwe led to the rise of the mutapa state. Contentssocial of mutapa stateeconomic activities of the mutapa stateaims of the portuguese in the mutapa statethe rise of mutapa state afternoon once again some more on zimbabwe. When coming to mwenemutapa african studies come ready to teach, come ready to. Subjects were required to give livestock to prove their allegiance to the mwene mutapa. European christians thought that the mutapa land had the goldmines of famous king from the bible, king solomon what is mutapa. Mwenemutapa has a few different translations on of them being lord of the plundered lands, and another being. A similar misrepresentation of the name mwene mutapa is its change to munhumutapa to suggest that the mutapas were not only kidnappers of children, but also enslavers of ablebodied adults for cheap labour to build the great stone monuments found throughout the mutapa kingdom, of which great zimbabwe is just the biggest and wellpublicised in. The rulers were able to mine gold from rivers and streams that were found nearby their empire. According to oral tradition chibatamatosi nyatsimba mutotas father sent nyakatondo the messenger to the area north of great zimbabwe to look for salt deposits. Reasons for the rise of the mutapa state free zimsec.
Zusammenfassung summary over the last decade the southern african nation of zimbabwe has been paralysed by a protracted sociopolitical crisis that still causes immense suffering and violence amongst the population. There was a standing army of warriors which was used for defence and expansion of the kingdom. Mutapa empire a state founded in the 15th century by a man named mutota and that extended throughout all of presentday zimbabwe except the eastern part, brought with it new customs that sometimes conflicted with those of native hindus. Mudenge dec 1986 from mutapa to rhodes by aeneas chigwedere 1980 the changing history of the mutapa dynasty by d. Mwene mutapa is shona for ravager of the lands, and was also the title held by the dynasty of kings who ruled the territory, which was between the zambezi and limpopo rivers. The first mwene was a warrior prince named nyatsimba mutota who discovered what was soon to be mutapa when he was looking for a new source of salt.
For mwene mutapa, outlying parts of the kingdom broke away in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, forcing the core to become a portuguese protectorate in 1633. The mutapa dynasties fractured into autonomous states, many of which later formed the rozvi empire. Portuguese interests in the mwene mutapa empire were mainly economic. The hidden history behind the name mwene mutapa celebrating. The aztec empire governed through an extensive bureaucracy that regulated tribute in the form of. Along the zambezi river in the south, inland mutapa empire emerges 12501629 founded by mwene mutapa. The demise of great zimbabwe left the mutapa state dominant in northern. By the 1630s, the portuguese overran all of monomutapa and appointed a new mwene, mavura mhande felipe, to the throne in 1629.
Accepted 27 january, 2011 the mutapa empire mwene mutapa or in portuguese. The kingdom of mutapa is said to have stretched between the zambezi and limpopo rivers. It has been suggested by some including the archaeologist peter garlake that religion was also significant to the rise and expansion of the mutapa state. However during the 15th century the mutapa maintained unity and managed to restrict portuguese attempts to gain control of the markets and trade routes. Revenue from trade was used to run the army and sustain the empire. Mutapa empire previous mustelidae next mutation the zambesi basin.
Monomotapa was a shona empire which was centered in the zambezi valley. The early political history of the kingdom of mwene mutapa 850. Kingdom of kongo and mwene mutapa kingdom of kongo 901914 located in west central africa, near lower. View notes kingdom of kongo and mwene mutapa from ec 214 at johns hopkins university. Mwenemutapa african studies desires to bring together likeminded folk interested in learning classical african history afristory deliberately hidden, distorted or otherwise kept from the view of the general population, especially african maafans and continental africans.
Manyika, under the chikanga dynasty, became part of the mutapa empire after. They were a flourishing kingdom who made their living economically. Portuguese document dating from the early 16th century also seem to show that the mutapa state already existed before the great zimbabwe collapsed thus mutapa empire was an offshoot of the. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. According to oral tradition the first mwene was a warrior prince nyatsimbamutota from great zimbabwe who was sent to find new sources of salt in the north. Even so, european influences were changing the continent, and disrupting the old order of things. The most important chiefs in the empire sent their sons, with tribute in form of cattle, gold, slaves and ivory, each year to pay homage to the mwene mutapa as goodwill ambassadors. Pdf the church, politics and the future of zimbabwe. Mwene mutapa empire, and the butua state, comprised in the six. Mutapa empire 1430 to 1760 was an empire, in present day zimbabwe, extending to the mozambique coast. Matapa, also known as the empire of the mwene matapa. Mutapa meaning and origin of the name mutapa nameaning. They continued their traditional structures made out of stone. Jun 30, 20 the mutapas control in these far away lands was probably peripheral and not regular.
Springer nature is making coronavirus research free. Dynasties of the mutaparozwi complex volume 11 issue 2 edward a. The mutapa state essay 8261 words free essay examples. Blacksmithing, pottery, weaving and basketry were other important economic values to mutapa. The absence of a single text dedicated to the longue duree of zimbabwes history can now be said to be a thing of the past. Additionally, the portuguese colony along the coast gained more power at the expense of monomutapa. According to oral tradition, the first mwene was a warrior prince named nyatsimba mutota from the kingdom of zimbabwe sent to find new sources of salt in the north. Jan 28, 2010 the political leaders of one province, changamire, broke free and began building a successor state to monomutapa. The following reasons can be used to account for the rise and expansion of the mutapa state. An investigation on the origins of the mutapa empire according to mukanya the portuguese arrived on the scene confused the history of the mutapa empire. Origins of the mutapa empire essay 853 words antiessays.