Chapter 8 wave motion and sound free download as word doc. So a sound wave can be considered as either a displacement wave or a pressure wave, with the pressure. A sound wave is both the end product of the speech production mechanism and the primary source of raw material used by the listener to recover the speakers message. You can also change these options after multimedia has been added to a pdf. Most familiar are surface waves on water, but both sound and light travel as wavelike disturbances, and the motion of. Wave motion packet the document shown below can be downloaded and printed. The molecules dont have any net motion in the direction of the sound propagation. Doubleclick the multimedia with the select object tool tools rich media select object. Create s waves shearing waves by quickly moving one end of the slinky to the left and back to the center in a quick whiplike motion animation below.
Only longitudinal waves can move thru fluids liquids and gases. A wave is a vibratory disturbance in a medium which carries energy from one point to another point without any actual movement of the medium. As a longitudinal wave, sound is a rapid variation in pressure that propagates regions of above normal pressure regions under compression are called compressions or condensations regions of below normal pressure. Motion of the waves energy motion of individual molecules of the wave transverse waves two motions are perpendicular waves on a string, water surface waves longitudinal waves two motions are parallel sound waves waves can have both transverse and longitudinal motion. Based on these observations, we see that the vertical displacement of the wave y is a function of both xand t. The same holds for rope waves, sound waves in air, etc.
Two wave pulses approach each other as seen in the figure. Pythagoras observed in 550 bce that vibrating strings produced sound, and worked to. F directly proportional to the displacement from equilibrium. The s wave is more similar to a plucked guitar string than to compressive sound waves. Wave motion article about wave motion by the free dictionary. Terms in this set 19 a backandforth motion that repeats itself is a. Revision notes on waves and sound waves askiitians.
The equation describing the motion of this wave is based on two observations. Many of the problems involving waves on a string deal wi th the relationships v. Student difficulties with wave physics umd physics. A sinusoidal wave of frequency 500 hz has a speed of 350 ms. Ap physics multiple choice practice waves waves and sound. Second, the position of the wave is determined by its speed in the xdirection. Fs a sint s where s is the current sample, a is the amplitude and t is the period. Ultrahigh sound frequencies can produce images of an unborn child. Fundamental frequency, harmonics and overtones explained. Describe the motion of the inner tube as the waves pass by. Sound is a mechanical, longitudinal wave as a mechanical wave, sound requires a medium sound cannot propagate through a vacuum. Have rapidpush hand motion generate compression as shown in the animation opposite.
Description of waves using functions of two variables. Sound waves can undergo interference m time s 0,0060,006 0,01 0,02 0,03 0. Chapter 8 wave motion and sound sound waves scribd. Chapter 10 wave motion 343 would look like if our eyes were sensitive to very subtle pressure variationsfigure 10.
The wave equation outline of mechanical waves longitudinal and transverse waves waves in a string, sound waves the wave equation description of waves using functions of two variables. Pdf this undergraduate textbook on the physics of wave motion in optics. The need for an end correction and how it relates to pipe radius. The period t is the time for one wave to pass a given point. The transverse wave video clip below provides a dynamic visualization of this. The nature of sound summary the physics hypertextbook. The particle in the water moves in a circular path as the wave goes by. Wave motion transfers energy from one point to another, which may or may not displace particles of the medium. So, at x0 the motion is described by y cos 0 t cos t 2 f at xxo the little guy a sees. Mechanical waves those waves which require a material medium for their propagation, are called mechanical waves, e. A slower wave would cover less distance perhaps 660 meters in the same time period of 2 seconds and thus have a speed of 330 ms.
The methods to create pdf files explained here are free and easy to use. This function should be the solution of some specific wave equation describing the propagation of waves. Wave motion and the concepts of wave speed and frequency are also explored. If the disturbance is continuous and is periodic in nature, then the wave produced. Because of the central role played by sound in speech communication, it is important to have a good understanding of how sound is produced, modified, and measured. Wwaavveeesss d aaannndd u sssooouunnnddd ttaassskkk. Lecture 11 chapter 16 waves i university of virginia. Video and sound quality settings can only be changed when a file is added to a pdf. The process by which a disturbance at one point in space is propagated to another point more remote from the source with no net transport of the material of the medium itself. Force causing the motion is directed toward the equilibrium point minus sign. In water waves, each water molecule also undergoes oscillatory motion, and again, there is no overall net motion. You can calculate the speed of a wave if you know its. In transverse waves the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels. Wave motion can occur only in a medium in which energy can be stored in both kinetic and potential.
Ap physics multiple choice practice waves waves and sound 1. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. A wave is the disturbance produce in the medium from an equilibrium condition which travels with the finite velocity in the region of space. If the wavelength of the light is 450 nm what is the frequency. To describe waves quantitatively in terms of frequency, period, wavelength, and amplitude. We can double check that this result makes sense with the following reasoning.
Ancient greek philosophers, many of whom were interested in music, hypothesized that there was a connection between waves and sound, and that vibrations, or disturbances, must be responsible for sounds. As any one of these waves moves through a medium, the wave produces. Sound travels in waves and can be described by the wavelength and frequency of the waves. If sx,t is the position of a small element relative to its. Listeners were able to hear the news transported by sound waves created by. Consider an example using light and sound as sources of information to explore. A wave can make a leaf bob up and down on the water, but it cannot move the leaf toward the shore. Teachers are granted permission to use them freely with their students and to use it as part of their curriculum. These pressure disturbances move out into the surrounding air at approximately 330 meters per second i. The oscillations are normal to the direction of wave motion along the string, so this is an example of transverse wave. Trumpets and pipe organs use vibrating columns of air to create sound waves.
The faster a sound wave travels, the more distance it will cover in the same period. Thanks for contributing an answer to sound design stack exchange. The number of vibrations that occur in 1 s is called. Echolocation waves can have frequencies of about 100,000 hz. Pdf sound waves are the most common examples of longitudinal waves. Introduction to the physics of waves and sound mike divell university of victoria. Longitudinal waves two different motions to describe in a wave. Sound waves 3 is still true, but now v is proportional to the slope with no negative sign. Wave motionis the disturbance, set up in the medium, due to the repeated periodic motion of the particles of the medium and travels from the particle to particle, the particles themselves keep vibrating about their mean positions.
Wave and motion grade 12 physics notes khullakitab. Our deduction of the wave equation for sound has given us a formula which connects the wave speed with the rate of change of pressure with the density at the normal pressure. Guitars and pianos use oscillating strings to create sound waves. Frequency of the wave f is the number of waves passing a given point in a unit of time. If the string is very long compared position as the pulse or wave passes through them. A pdf creator and a pdf converter makes the conversion possible. First, the shape of the wave does not change with time t. Download wave motion and sound pdf 11p download free online book chm pdf. For example, a wave generated at 60 cycles per second has a frequency of 60 hz and can be expressed as 60s.
If a sound wave is observed to travel a distance of 700 meters in 2 seconds, then the speed of the wave would be 350 ms. When wave reflection occurs, the incoming wave approaching the barrier is called what. Much of our current understanding of wave motion has come from the study of acoustics. Repetitive motion through a central equilibrium point. Waves transport energy without transporting matter. A wave is a disturbance moving through a medium solid, liquid, or gas. Wave motion and sound department of physics and astronomy. The pdf24 creator installs for you a virtual pdf printer so that you can print your. Lecture notes physics iii physics mit opencourseware.